The Cold War Essay examples - 1629 Words

Harry Truman once said, â€Å"There is not one piece of territory or one thing of a monetary nature that we want out of this war. We want peace and prosperity for the world as a whole.† In July of 1945 Truman set on his journey to Europe for the Grand Alliance meeting between the three leading allied powers, Great Britain, the Soviet Union, and the United States. The Potsdam Conference discussed post World War II arrangements in Europe. Harriet Truman and Winston Churchill were on the same side wanting to create democratic governments throughout Europe. On the other hand Stalin was determined to dominate all of Europe and impose communism on its nations. Three days after the conclusion on the Potsdam Conference, on August 5 1945, we released†¦show more content†¦Dr Strangelove is the more comical version of the issues at hand, involving the Cold War. The filmmakers of Dr. Strangelove took the idea of this horrible bomb and projected it to be comical and something that we should just accept. The subtitle of the movie ‘How I learned to stop worrying and love The Bomb’ was implying we shouldn’t worry about nuclear bombs for the reason that there is nothing an ordinary person, can do to stop it. The subtitle is a way of saying that no one is really in control over the deployment of nuclear weapons. In Dr. Strangelove they recognized that the Soviet Union had been working on a Doomsday device. An obsessive right-wing commander found a way to declare red alert, that lead to a domino effect of events that were unstoppable resulting in mass destruction. At the beginning of the movie they placed a disclaimer stating that the â€Å"Air Force would prevent [this type of incident from happening, and that] none of the characters portrayed in this film are meant to represent any real persons living or dead† (Dr. Strangelove, Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb.) The male sex drive is what seemed to influence many of the jokes that were portrayed throughout the movie. Characters were introduced with sexually referenced names such as Mandrake, which is a plant that is meant to increase fertility rates. While their focusShow MoreRelatedThe War Of The Cold War1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe Cold War was a state of political and military tension stemming from World War II fought primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union. Although the start and end dates of the Cold War are frequently disputed over, it is generally accepted that the conflict started at the conclusion of the Second World War and stemmed from the social climate and lingering tensions in Europe and the increasing power struggles between the Soviet Union and the United States. Along with economic separationRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesOne major war ended and another to begin. The Cold war lasted about 45 years. There were no direct military campaigns between the United States and Soviet Union. However, billions of dollars and millions of lives were lost. The United States emerged as the greatest power from World War 2. (Give Me Liberty 896) The country boasted about having the most powerful navy and air force. The United states accounted for about half of the world’s manufacturing capacity, which it alone created the atomic bombRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War757 Words   |  4 PagesAs tensions continued to augment profoundly throughout the latter half of the Cold War period, they brought forth a movement from a previous bipolar conflicting course, to one of a more multipolar nature. These tensions were now not only restricted to the Soviet Union and United states, but amongst multiple other nations of the globe. It became a general consensus that a notion of ‘peace’ was sought globally, hence, the emergence of dà ©tente. The nature of this idea in the short term conveyed itselfRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1636 Words   |  7 Pa gesThe U.S. learned greatly after having been declared the victor of the Cold War. Retired four-star U.S. Army general Colin Powell said, â€Å"The long bitter years of the Cold War are over. America and her allies have won; totally, decisively, and overwhelmingly† (Reed 343). The Cold War started after World War II in 1947 and ended in 1991. The U.S. underwent a political war with the Soviet Union in hopes of advancing more rapidly in certain fields, such as nuclear weapons and space crafts. Avoiding nuclearRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War886 Words   |  4 Pagesin an infamous battle against ideologies: The Cold War. Even though war took place during this time, both powers were not involved in battle directly, hence the name cold war. The war mainly consisted of assumed and implied threats of nuclear attacks and political control over states in Europe. Even before 1945, the beginning of the Cold War, tension brewed between the U.S and the U.S.S.R. Both sides had differing views on Europe s state after the war. For instance, programs like the Marshall PlanRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War961 Words   |  4 Pages1945, beginning year of the Cold War. The development of cold war just started after the end of world War ||. The cold war was the result of conflict between two powerful country Soviet Union and United State. The war was regarding to the lead the world after the World War ||. The Soviet Union wanted to emerge its power to the world and so do the United States too. The research paper mainly focused on various reasons of opposition of two great power of the world Soviets and United States of AmericaRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesDuring World War II, the United States, Britain, and Russia all worked together to take down Hitler. Although after the war, the coordination between the U.S. and Russia became extremely tense which inevitably lead to the Cold War. The U.S. was worried that Russia would spread communism after World War II. Russia was concerned with the U.S. arms increase and intervention in international affairs. The distrust between the two nations resulted in the Cold war which lasted until 1991. In 1946, WinstonRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1052 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War was a result of what happened at the end of World War 2. At the end of World War 2, the Soviets held a grudge against the U.S for their delayed entrance in the World War resulting in deaths of thousands of Russians resulting in the appearance of the Cold War .The Cuban Missile Crisis was a significant flashpoint in the Cold War because it was the moment two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict. This crisis, while posing the very real threat of global annihilation, also led toRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1737 Words   |  7 Pages Cold War The Cold War, which is often dated from 1945 to 1989, was a constant state of political and military tension between powers in the West, dominated by the United States with NATO among its allies, and powers in the East, dominated by the Soviet Union along with the Warsaw Pact. The development of Nuclear Weapons and long range shooting missiles by the United States gave a lot of fear and caused mass destruction. The Cold War came about after World War II when America used their atomic bombsRead MoreThe War Of The Cold War1123 Words   |  5 PagesThe Cold War consist of tensions between the Soviets and the U.S. vying for dominance, and expansion throughout the world. Their complete different ideologies and vision of the postwar prevented them from working together. Stalin wants to punish Germany and make them pay outrageous sum of money for reparation. However, Truman has a different plan than Stalin. Truman believes that industrialization and democracy in Germany and throughout th e world would ensure postwar stability. Stalin also wanted

We Should Not Go Through A War - 938 Words

I believe as a race we should not go through another war to defend our rights as a n Americans. It was an ancestor of mine that was brought kicking and screaming here to work free of charge because some lazy ass farmer could work his own land. Without his slaves three generations his great grand children let the farm fall into disrepair. They had to sell it off. I can say my grandmother was proud to let all that work go to waste. As soon as those bells rung she left that farm and never looked back. She never told my mother because she wanted her family clear of the past. She was one of the lucky ones with no roots to tie her there. She was bought for breeding stock two years before. She bore two children. She had to walk many miles for a place of employment with a toddler on her back and baby slung in the front. She was a woman with no husband. Somewhere around Illinois a family took her in. They gave her a job and a place to learn. Fastword to 1903, Washington has pushed his biography to appeal to the white market. He is a man that is sitting on the fence in a â€Å"race† of tugawar. He wishes to wash clean the sin of slavery by making it a gentler time. My Grandmother did not see it that way. She walked many a mile to break all ties my her former life. I know nothing of my family besides what my grandmother brought. I have no choice in the matter of my birth or history. Many like my Grandmother choose to forget it. Others of the White variety like toShow MoreRelatedIsis And Many Terrorist Groups1511 Words   |  7 Pagestoday is if the United States should go to war with terrorist groups such as ISIS and others. I believe that the best solution to this argument is to not go to war with terrorist groups or ISIS just yet. Within the past couple of years, the terrorist group of ISIS has made them well known and kept the world into a state of fear and terror when it comes to terrorist attacks. One of the biggest controversial arguments currently has to do with the United States going to war with the terrorist group ofRead MoreSlaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut Jr Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesSlaughterhouse-Five: Why War Should Never Happen Kurt Vonnegut Jr., a World War II veteran and author of the literary masterpiece Slaughterhouse-Five, was one of the many there to witness the destruction of the city of Dresden located in Germany, and one of the few to survive to tell the gruesome details. Most of his writing was used to encourage those with anti-war mindsets to take a stand, and to inform everyone else of the damage that is done when a nation goes to war. He uses his books to remindRead MoreThe Vietnam War And Iraq Wars1214 Words   |  5 PagesExam Paper The Vietnam War and Iraq wars have many more similarities then the common American would think. Both were fighting gorillas in a foreign land in a way that the soldiers were never trained or prepared for, against a foe that despise America as a whole. However I believe the biggest difference is the American publics view and attitude toward each of the two wars. As well as the attitude of the soldiers in each of the wars in 2001 after the September 11 attacks we had people like Pat TillmanRead MorePersuasive Essay On Refugees1096 Words   |  5 PagesTo be defined as a refugee you would have been a person who was forced to leave your country in order to escape war. Every needs help in their own way. I might need help on some homework that I am having trouble with, but refugees are truly in desperate need for help. They are having a rough time in their own country maybe because of war. They are forced to leave to country if the want to be safe. They will life so they can continue to h ave their life and make it a good one. To be called a refugeeRead MoreShould The Draft Be Reinstated1695 Words   |  7 PagesShould the Draft Be Reinstated When a young man in this country turns eighteen they have to register for the Selective Service System. In the twenty-first century, people wonder if it is still necessary to have selective services. When Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the law into legislation, the purpose was to fill vacancies in the military that volunteering could not. In this actuality, the draft was never used like it had been for the period of the Vietnam War, most of the manpower had volunteeredRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Redeployment By Phil Klay Essay972 Words   |  4 Pagesthousands of men and woman join the army every year. Post-war trauma effects can influence the emotional and psychological state of the soldier when coming back from combat or reentering civilian life, however, people are not fully aware of such problem. Winner of the 2014 National Book Award for fiction, Phil Klay in his first book Redeployment, delivers readers a unique experience to the front lines of the wars in Afghanistan and Ir aq through the narratives of different characters and their experiencesRead MoreEssay about Should We Go to War With Britain?619 Words   |  3 PagesThose British are at it again. I dont think they get that we are going to attack them sometime when they least expect it. Well at least I think we should. I think we should go to war with the British because we could win freedom, stop having our rights violated, and we could get rid of all of those stupid taxes. We have a good chance at winning the war and if we do, we could get the freedom that we want and need. When the British first came over to the colonies, they were always in everybodysRead MoreWere the American Colonists Justified in Waging War and Breaking Wway from Britain?935 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Were the American colonists justified in waging war and breaking away from Britain† The colonists were in every right, aspect and mind, not only justified but also it was about time that they stood of and actually take action against the British. The choice of going to war with them, was the only choice that they had. All diplimatical options that they had ceased to stand a chance against the tyrant Britain. From the very beginning when the colonists felt upset against their mother country andRead MoreGeorge Santayana Once Said, â€Å"Those Who Do Not Remember1081 Words   |  5 Pagescondemned to repeat it.† We can agree with Santayana that when a society does not learn from history then they are condemned to experience the same unpleasant consequences. It appears that history has not taught our society much and humanity is condemned to live and experience history with rather unpredictable turbulence. War has been a common theme that people from the past has been faced with and a common theme we fear today. There are many factors that lead societies into war whether between themselvesRead MoreThe Day Of The World War I767 Words   |  4 PagesWorld War, known as â€Å"the Great War.† Or â€Å"the War to End all Wars† sadly this was not to be the case. This armistice would lead to the Treaty of Versailles, officially ending World War I. Originally celebrated as Armistice Day beginning the following year, November 11th became a legal federal holiday in the United States in 1938. In the aftermath of World War II and the Korean War, Armistice Day became Veterans Day, a holiday dedicated to the more than 23 million American veterans of all wars. Most

What Is Granite

Granite is the signature rock of the continents. More than that, granite is the signature rock of the planet Earth itself. The other rocky planets—Mercury, Venus, and Mars—are covered with basalt, as is the ocean floor of Earth. But only Earth has this beautiful and interesting rock type in abundance. Granite Basics Three things distinguish granite. First, granite is made of large mineral grains (its name is Latin for granum, or grain) that fit tightly together. It is phaneritic, meaning its individual grains are large enough to distinguish with the human eye.   Second, granite always consists of the minerals quartz and feldspar, with or without a wide variety of other minerals (accessory minerals). The quartz and feldspar generally give granite a light color, ranging from pinkish to white. That light background color is punctuated by the darker accessory minerals. Thus, classic granite has a salt-and-pepper look. The most common accessory minerals are the black mica biotite and the black amphibole hornblende. Third, almost all granite is igneous (it solidified from  magma) and plutonic (it did so in a large, deeply buried body or pluton). The random arrangement of grains in granite—its lack of fabric—is evidence of its plutonic origin. Other igneous, plutonic rocks, like granodiorite, monzonite, tonalite and quartz diorite, have similar appearances.   A rock with a similar composition and appearance as granite,  gneiss,  can form through long and intense metamorphism of sedimentary  (paragneiss)  or igneous rocks (orthogneiss). Gneiss, however, is distinguished from granite by its strong fabric and alternating dark and light colored bands.   Amateur Granite, Real Granite, and Commercial Granite With only a little practice, you can easily tell this kind of rock in the field. A light-colored, coarse-grained rock with a random arrangement of minerals—thats what most amateurs mean by granite. Ordinary people and even rockhounds agree.   Geologists, however, are professional students of rocks, and what you would call granite they call granitoid. True granite, which has a quartz content between 20 and 60 percent and a greater concentration of alkali feldspar than plagioclase feldspar,  is only one of several granitoids.   Stone dealers have a third, much-different set of criteria for granite. Granite is a strong stone because its mineral grains have grown tightly together during a very slow cooling period. Additionally, the quartz and feldspar that compose it are harder than steel. This makes granite desirable for buildings and ornamental purposes, such as gravestones and monuments. Granite takes a good polish and resists weathering and acid rain. Stone dealers, however, use granite to refer to any rock with big grains and hard minerals, so many types of commercial granite seen in buildings and showrooms dont match the geologists definition. Black gabbro,  dark-green peridotite  or streaky gneiss, which even amateurs would never call granite in the field, still qualify as commercial granite in a countertop or building. How Granite Forms Granite is found in large plutons on the continents, in areas where the Earths crust has been deeply eroded. This makes sense because granite must cool very slowly at deeply buried locations to produce such large mineral grains. Plutons smaller than 100 square kilometers in the area are called stocks, and larger ones are called batholiths.   Lavas erupt all over the Earth, but lava with the same composition as granite (rhyolite) only erupts on the continents. That means that granite must form by the melting of continental rocks. That happens for two reasons: adding heat and adding volatiles (water or carbon dioxide or both). Continents are relatively hot because they contain most of the planets uranium and potassium, which heat their surroundings through radioactive decay. Anywhere that the crust is thickened tends to get hot inside (for instance in the Tibetan Plateau). And the processes of plate tectonics, mainly subduction, can cause basaltic  magmas  to rise underneath the continents. In addition to heat, these magmas release CO2 and water, which helps rocks of all kinds melt at lower temperatures. It is thought that large amounts of basaltic magma can be plastered to the bottom of a continent in a process called underplating. With the slow release of heat and fluids from that basalt, a large amount of continental crust could turn to granite at the same time. Two of the most well-known examples of large, exposed granitoids are Half Dome  and  Stone Mountain.   What Granite Means Students of granites classify them in three or four categories. I-type (igneous) granites appear to arise from the melting of preexisting igneous rocks, S-type (sedimentary) granites from melted sedimentary rocks (or their metamorphic equivalents in both cases). M-type (mantle) granites are rarer and are thought to have evolved directly from deeper melts in the mantle. A-type (anorogenic) granites now appear to be a special variety of I-type granites. The evidence is intricate and subtle, and the experts have been arguing for a long time, but that is the gist of where things stand now. The immediate cause of granite collecting and rising in huge stocks and batholiths is thought to be the stretching apart, or extension, of a continent during plate tectonics. This explains how such large volumes of granite can enter the upper crust without exploding, shoving or melting their way upward. And it explains why the activity at the edges of plutons appears to be relatively gentle and why their cooling is so slow. On the grandest scale, granite represents the way the continents maintain themselves. The minerals in granitic rocks break down into clay and sand and are carried to the sea. Plate tectonics returns these materials through seafloor spreading and subduction, sweeping them beneath the edges of the continents. There they are rendered back into feldspar and quartz, ready to rise again to form new granite when and where the conditions are right. It is all part of the never-ending rock cycle.   Edited by Brooks Mitchell

Essay on Case Study - 631 Words

1. How do frog’s activities affect its ability to (a) maximize the fit with customer needs, (b) minimize development cycle time, and (c) control development costs? a) As many products fail to produce an economic return because they do not fulfill customer requirements, involving customers in development process affect its ability to maximize the fit with customer needs. It can help a firm ensure that its new products match customer expectations. The customer is often the one most able to identify the maximum performance capabilities and minimum service requirements of a new product. Therefore, including the customer in the actual development team can help firm focus its development efforts on projects that better fit customer needs.†¦show more content†¦The Company is known for creating products with an aesthetic appeal that evokes an emotional response in the consumer and quot. The above statement indicates that, most of the designs of the company focuses on daily product or consumer product and not any custom, specific product such as medicine. On the other hand, the strategies used by company do not suit for customers who do not know what they want. In this case, creating ideas from questionnaires does not always guarantee a great success for a product. While the companys approach give a life for emotions and discard the experimental analysis, which can be risky of not taking any statistical probabilities into account. As these results will indicate the market performance and the chances of the product to get succeeded or fail. 5. Would frog’s approach to product development be effective in a firm that primarily manufactured, marketed, and distributed its own products? Frogs approach would be effective in firm such as primarily manufactured, marketed, and distributed its own products. According to frog process, it is organized into three phases including Discover, Design and Deliver. Firstly, the discover analysis as becomes insight, through design research, market, technology, and strategic analysis, frog design team member gain insight into a company’s brand, customers, existing assets, and key marketShow MoreRelatedCase Studies : A Case Study Approach Essay1157 Words   |  5 PagesA case study is a specific instance that is frequently designed to illustrate a more general principle (Nisbet and Watt, 1984). Hitchock and Hughes (1995) further suggest that the case study approach is particularly valuable when the researcher has little control over evens. Case studies strives to portray †˜what it like’ to be a particular situation, to catch up reality and ‘thick description’ (Geertz, 1973) of participants’ lives experiences of, thoughts about and feelings for a situation. TheyRead MoreCase Study887 Words   |  4 PagesCHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Reasons choose the case 1.2 The Problems The problems of this case are: 1. How would you characterize Lincoln Electric’s strategy? In this context, what is the nature of Lincoln’s business and upon what bases does this company compete? 2. What are the most important elements of Lincoln’s overall approach to organization and control that help explain why this company is so successful? How well do Lincoln’s organization and control mechanismsRead MoreBusiness Case Study : Business Case Studies997 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Business Case Studies How to Write Business Case Studies The objective of this part of the course is to use your case study to help you solve real company problems and to make the learning more relevant to your experience. The Business Case Study you are being asked to start today will provide information for yourself and the class to permit constructive feedback. You will have to use all of your research, writing and analytical skills to write your Company Case Study. You must give enoughRead MoreCase Study148348 Words   |  594 Pages978-0-273-73552-6 (web) All rights reserved. Permission is hereby given for the material in this publication to be reproduced for OHP transparencies and student handouts, without express permission of the Publishers, for educational purposes only. In all other cases, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers orRead MoreCase Studies13817 Words   |  56 PagesCASE STUDY #1 A Job Search Dilemma Eric, a second-semester senior, is looking for a job. Anxious about finding work in the worst economy in decades, he sends out scores of resumes for a wide variety of positions. The first call he gets is for a position that doesnt really interest him, but he figures he should be open to every opportunity. He schedules an interview, which he aces. In fact, the recruiter offers Eric the job on the spot. He would like Eric to start as soon as possible. Should EricRead MoreCase Study 8985 Words   |  4 PagesCase Study 8 Based on the January through June 2010 cash budget, what is the maximum monthly loss during the six-month planning period? What is the maximum cumulative borrowing balance? (For purposes of this question, disregard any interest payments on short-term bank loans or interest received from investing surplus funds.) Maximum monthly loss is in June: -$60,750. The maximum cumulative borrowing balance is $99,000 in February. What does the monthly cash budget reveal that indicatesRead MoreCase Study : The Angel 1089 Words   |  5 Pages Case Study #1 The Angel, 1997 Susan Meeks, an alias, woke to what she thought was the middle of the afternoon. A bright yellowish light was shining through the west window of her travel trailer. An other world being was in the room and was as tall as the ceiling of the trailer. She went to the bathroom where she washed her face with cold water and stayed in there long enough to smoke a cigarette. When she went back to the bedroom the being was still there. The being showed her futureRead MoreThe Case Study Of The Company1468 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of Case Study In the case study by Spector titled, Transferring Innovation Across National Boundaries, (Spector, 2012) company named Minnesota Biolabs (MB) provided laboratories with a quality test for contamination of injectable medications. This test required the use of live rabbits that led to the rabbit’s death after the test. The company was headquartered in Minneapolis, however they were organized with four, somewhat independent, national units in Europe and Japan, each run by aRead MoreLaw of Case Studies1514 Words   |  7 PagesZulfatah Arif SCM-019741 Work Psychology in Communication, Writing and Reporting COM 2153 Mr Haji Adenan Case Studies An Unmotivated Building Inspector Case Study By: Zulfatah Arif 1) Review the motivation theories discussed in this chapter. How would each one describe and explain the problems with Simon Lucas’s motivation? The theories that would be relevant to the problems with Simon Lucas’ motivation would be the McClelland’s Need Theory and Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory.Read MoreCase Study Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesCase Study Objective The Case will focus on issues related to the cultural aspect of international business; sustainable business practices including CSR issues; foreign investment; and the benefits of regional integration for the countries within, and companies doing business in, that region.   The case study analysis will be completed on an individual basis. Instructions THE CASE: Kaizer Consulting Kaizer Consulting is an international management consulting firm that specializes in business strategy

Personal Responsibility And Work Opportunity...

Teenage pregnancy may not be one of the bigger issues of the world, like war or drug abuse, but it still holds credibility. It also does not have a high declining rate. All of the world teenagers still get pregnant, whether it be by a small or high percentage, and the government has no way to stop it. However, the government can control what happens afterwards, when the baby is born. Obviously, teens would have trouble in raising a baby on their own because they are not yet adults so they need both financial and supportive help. So the government created Acts to help and states carried out assistance programs as well. However, there has been controversy in whether or not teenage mothers deserve all of this help. Teenage mothers should be†¦show more content†¦Same with WIC, no help can be administered until they receive an affirmation from a parent of legal guardian over 18 years of age (Welfare for Pregnant Teens 2009). Now analyzing these programs in a psychological sense, they could be appealing to the masses. This fallacy states that the argument is either true or good because the masses thinks so or does it (Schick, Jr. and Vaughn 2013). Many people believe it is right for teenage mothers to get help after all most people think that since these girls are underage they cannot support themselves. This thinking is also a form of fallacy known as Hasty Generalization, or concluding a verdict on something based off of evidence applying to only a few things (Schick, Jr. and Vaughn 2013). Although sometimes it may be true it does not mean that the teenage mom cannot take care of her child, it just simply means that she needs some help with it is all. With this assumption, leading into one side of the argument: these adolescent mothers should not receive welfare payments. Staten Island Borough President James Molinaro claims that welfare payments for teenage parents is a burden for taxpayers but it also provides an encouragement for teenagers to have kids since they know they will be financially safe (Kriss 2013). Molinaro is not the only one who has this opinion. Representative E. Clay Shaw also agrees that if teenage mothers did not get money than they would be more careful when having sex (Navarro 1995). Sure this

Innovation and Sustainable Business Development Business Model

Question: Discuss about the Innovation and Sustainable Business Development for Business Model. Answer: Introduction Business model is the way through which an organization generates revenue and earns profit from its operation. Business analytics use metric for measuring the effectiveness and efficiency of organizations business model. Pricing and cost are the two primary levers of business model. According to DaSilva and Trkman, (2014) business model is an abstract representation of business by incorporating core interrelated architectural, co-operational and financial arrangement of an organization. On the other hand, Morris et al., (2015) opined that business model canvas provides the structure of business plan for getting sustainable success in an organization. Moreover, business lean canvas model provide business plan for any startup company. It identifies the problems of startup business and provides solution for addressing those problems. This discussion will present the concept of business model as system through critical analysis and examples. Discussion of Business Models as Systems While conceptualizing business canvas model, it involves business infrastructure, customers, offering, channels, customer relationship and revenue stream. According to Casadesus?Masanell and Zhu, (2013), business canvas model identifies the key activities, resources and partners of an organization towards gaining long term business success. The activity system enables an organization towards concerting with the key partners and creating high business value. Furthermore, Martins et al., (2015) opined that effective business model builds a system of segregating customer segment and creating efficient channels towards communicating with the customers. Hence, it involves high level of customer relationship strategy in its conceptualization. It also involves cash flow and revenue stream of organization towards earning profit. While conceptualizing the business lean canvas model, it involves specific sketches for startup business organization. According to Schneider and Spieth, (2013), lean canvas model is aimed at shortening product development cycles through adopting combination of business-hypothesis-driven experimentation, validated learning and iterative product releases. Moreover, it identifies the business problems for the startups and addresses those issues through building proper business solution. It also involves unique value proposition and unfair advantage of the newly created business. Furthermore, it highlights the anticipated revenue structure for an organization. With the growth of competition, organizations need to upgrade and conceptualize their flow of operation by following a framework, which would guide them in meeting business values. Static and dynamic challenges are extremely prevalent for both small scale and large scale enterprise but for that business models need to be followed. Static problems such as cost structure, organizational structure and organizational resources are well managed by business models (Maglio Spohrer, (2013). This model helps in quantifying the available revenue streams and based on that helps the firm in make or buy decision. Based on the static decision support system and historical records, organizations are finally able to process innovation and acquire latest operational technologies that eventually help in positive business outcomes. Business models help in correlating the static challenges related to revenue, resources and organizational assets so that profit can be maximized and shareholders wealth ca n be well distributed. On the other hand, while considering the dynamic challenges of an organization it must be said that the external issues related to demand and supply, changing customer trend, governmental policies and product diversification are well managed by following business models (Epstein et al., 2015). The challenges are predominantly addressed by selecting appropriate business partner and supplier, vertical or horizontal integration, effective customer relationships and selecting literal market channels. According to Kodama, (2009), with the growth of business and depending on environment, firms operate with others through partnership by either outsourcing or by vertical integration. This helps the concerned firm to allocate resources for innovation and production. On the other hand, Mina et al., (2014) pointed out that through business models as systems firms try to collaborate with others for knowledge sharing and absorbing expertise and ideas. West et al., (2014) furthermore added that with the design of collaborative business moves supply chain of an organization achieves equal relationship with suppliers that results in dialectic view promoting knowledge integration. Therefore, it can be said that through business models organizations are able to build up its value stream by connect and development strategy, which ultimately helps in determining corporate boundaries and aid in developing new products and services. Using business models as systems, organizations are able to evalu ate the available suitable firms for partnership, exchange knowledge, ensure cross-divisional teams, outsource manufacturing and create interdependence among the research and development team, helping positive business outcome. According to Amit and Zott, (2010) knowledge integration is the correlation between strategic communities and small world structure, which helps is feeding the business models. Innovation is the driving force that helps in guiding a firm to progress with breakthrough products that is unique and appreciated. On the words of Itami and Nishino, (2010), business models correlate all stakeholders starting from investors to distributors and therefore, dynamic knowledge for manufacturing new products comes into existence. Casadesus?Masanell and Zhu, (2013) pointed out that through business model canvas, an organization is able to segregate customer segments and based on that diversified products are thought. Research and development team of an organization assess market demand and based on that innovates new products that will keep the organization ahead of competition. Therefore, it can be said that business model while considered as a system, it helps in process innovation through market analysis for customer segment, identifying existing competitors and effective supplier selection. According Itami and Nishino, (2010), business model is composed of two elements, which are business system and profit model. With business system an organization delivers products and services within its business boundaries for serving its targeted customers and with profit model it determines decision for increasing sales and reducing costs. Operational efficiency is only achieved when realistic benefits are arranged for consumers through successful delivery system. Based on this concept Itami and Nishino, (2010) proposed a simplistic business model that explains the importance of a firms learning system aiding critical business success. Figure 1: Basic Business Model (Source: Itami Nishino, 2010) From the above model, it can be seen that it is applicable to any product or service based industry. Business system indicates the internal operation of an organization and the changing business environment. Business environment is extremely dynamic and the organic body needs to gather ideas of three aspects, which are its boundary, functions within the boundary and relationship with external firms. Considering the real life example of Toyota, it has well implemented the basic business model and designed its business system by following three aspects. On aspect is labor division between trading partners and firm, which indicates decision between procurement and outsourcing. Other two aspects are organizing internal working systems and external activities with trading partners (Itami Nishino, 2010). Toyota follows tapered outsourcing for most of its auto parts and it follows procurement from multiple tier 2 and tier 4 suppliers. Also, the organization maintains strong relationship with limited suppliers so that partnership and knowledge management is concrete. Toyota has established its Toyota Production System, which even serves internal organizing and therefore overall it can be said that the business system from the model is well followed. Considering the learning system from the business model, tapered outsourcing of Toyota helps in external control system, cost information and technological information from external plural outsourcing suppliers. According to Kodama, (2009), Japanese firms have articulated enough knowledge to build a competitive edge and revitalize their organizations. The authors of this article have presented a new business model that is completely related to knowledge management starting from business boundaries to value chain creation. Through knowledge integration innovation has been directed that has been shown to comprise of new boundary conceptions, dynamic human network and knowledge architecture. Therefore, in this article, entire focus has been done on knowledge management and innovation but the method of partnership, cost structure and resource allocation has been not explained enough. On the other hand, Amit and Zott, (2010) focused mostly on innovation, RD and related resource consumption. Theory, literature and concepts have been explicitly used in this article but there is no proper business model framework or model for reference. Finally, while considering the view of Itami and Nishino, (2010), it can be said that the basic business model that has been presented will be applicable to any product or service oriented organization. Even the article describes the operations of Google and Toyota about how they follow basic business models and systems to guide their operation. This article is clear, concise, having a clear simplistic view of basic business model that surrounds ideas from knowledge, resource, innovation, operation, service, customer and profit maximization. Therefore, according to me, out of the three articles, this article has helped me in gaining enough idea of business model as system. Conclusion While concluding, it must be said that business models are the boundary spanning systems that are centered on a firm and the activities are quite interdependent surrounding governance, structure and content. It has been understood that in future these models will be more protruding with business development and change in organizational environment. These models will keep on updating according to organizational capabilities so that innovation and knowledge management is accomplished. However, in future decision makers of firms need to think of long term outcome so that frequent changes in business model are prevented otherwise maintaining resources will be quite tough. Reference List Amit, R., Zott, C. (2010). Business model innovation: Creating value in times of change. Casadesus?Masanell, R., Zhu, F. (2013). Business model innovation and competitive imitation: The case of sponsor?based business models.Strategic management journal,34(4), 464-482. DaSilva, C. M., Trkman, P. (2014). Business model: What it is and what it is not.Long range planning,47(6), 379-389. Epstein, M.J., Buhovac, A.R. Yuthas, K. (2015). Managing social, environmental and financial performance simultaneously. Long Range Planning, 48: 35-45 Itami, H., Nishino, K. (2010). Killing Two Birds with One Stone. Long Range Planning, 43, 364-369. Kodama, M. (2009). Boundaries Innovation and Knowledge Integration in the Japanese Firm. Long Range Planning, 42, 463-494. Maglio, P. P., Spohrer, J. (2013). A service science perspective on business model innovation.Industrial Marketing Management,42(5), 665-670. Martins, L. L., Rindova, V. P., Greenbaum, B. E. (2015). Unlocking the hidden value of concepts: a cognitive approach to business model innovation.Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal,9(1), 99-117. Mina, A., Bascavusoglu, E. Hughes, A. (2014). Open service innovation and the firms search for external knowledge. Research Policy, 43. 853-866. Morris, M., Schindehutte, M., Richardson, J., Allen, J. (2015). Is the business model a useful strategic concept? Conceptual, theoretical, and empirical insights.Journal of Small Business Strategy,17(1), 27-50. Schneider, S., Spieth, P. (2013). Business model innovation: Towards an integrated future research agenda.International Journal of Innovation Management,17(01), 1340001. West, J., Salter, A., Vanhaverbeke, W. Chesbrough, H. (2014). Open innovation: The next decade.Research Policy, 43: 805-811.

Psychiatric Diagnosis and Scientific Evidence

Question: Discuss about the Psychiatric Diagnosis and Scientific Evidence. Answer: Introduction Most consumers or people with mental illness often consult Psychiatric to get diagnosed with their ailment. This is irrespective of the fact that, in modern times, Psychiatric is seen as a disease that does not exist but a mere perception of illness (Kent, Manca, 2014). Opinions are divided as to whether the treatment has any significant effect on consumers and whether it is indeed helpful. Thus, in this essay, I intend to analyze, by giving evidence from scientific materials and videos, the notion that there exists no scientific proof to suggest that psychiatric treatment can help consumers recover. Additionally, there is no such thing as mental illness but a perception created by psychiatrists or society. In addition to that, specifically, the essay will take the position of agreeing with the statement, that psychiatric medications do not help consumer recover. The Movie How Mad Are You The movie has several characters, however, it is important that I consider Kees Boot as one of the characters in the movie that a person can consider. Kees Boot has a mental illness according to the movie. The panel, one of whom is a psychiatrist fail to recognize the illness that Kees is suffering from, making it hard to tell whether the Kees is mentally ill or just societal perception. Even though he has a record of mental illness, health professionals in the movie give a different opinion. To start with, the movie analyzes ten volunteers; among them are five people who have been diagnosed having psychiatrist disorders. In the movie, the experts clearly make three opinions that differ from previous analysis of those under test. Precisely, they incorrectly state that one person among the volunteers has a bipolar disorder and while the other has a mood disorder. In reality, one of the two persons is said to have experienced depression. Moreover, the experts erroneously stated that on e person had a history of schizophrenia while in fact; it is never the case (De Leon, 2013). In the end, it is clear that mental illness is based on perceptions but in reality, no evidence is there to prove its existence. As evident, the experts give opinions that are different from what the two patients are ascribed with by the society. On the other hand, another person believed to have a certain disorder is diagnosed with a different one, according to the psychiatrists (Kirsch, 2015). Therefore, it is to conclude that, scientifically, one cannot validate treatment by psychiatrists. Additionally, rely on them to give a sure way of recovering as it is highly likely, as depicted in the movie, to give variation in treatment as a result of different opinion concerning mental state of a person. The film that was originally aired by the BBC, and produced and also directed by Rob Liddell was a movie or program that tried to identify the character traits of people who have mental illness and those that are fit. Additionally, the film explores the validity and reliability of psychiatry in finding out whether a person is mentally ill or healthy. In addition to that, it covers incorrect diagnosis of mental illness and the implications it has on the social spectrum as far as mental illness is concerned (Tavakoli, 2009). The program which takes several weeks clearly reveals the inability of psychiatrists to detect depression at the fourth week. Part two of the movie reveals that the experts can only identify the state of mental illness by observation and by conducting a short interview but not carry out the usual clinical procedure. Selling Sickness Movie It is a movie that was acted based on a book with the same name. The movie entails massive marketing of SSRI drugs which are portrayed as harmful rather than helpful to consumers. The movie contains a fellow, who is a psychiatrist by the name David Healy. He relentlessly condemns pharmaceutical industries. On the other hand, Vince Parry and Murray Stein, head of advertising agency and a researcher of drugs that treats social anxiety, respectively, embrace the use of drugs to as antidepressant (Aboraya, 2010). The documentary elaborates why people ought to be cautious on pharmaceutical industries as a way to seek solutions for their mental illnesses. In the documentary, a drug is known as Paxil receive mixed feelings from consumers. For instance, a character known as Amy in the documentary praises the drug as it helped her recover from panic disorder. On the other hand, towards the end of the documentary, it is clear that Harry and Deborah charge the company that introduced the drug f or it being habit forming, thus introducing a problem instead of solving it. Thus, the documentary presents evidence that people; or rather consumers ought not to trust pharmaceutical companies to offer antidepressants. Antidepressants are drugs mostly prescribed by psychiatrists to consumers (Kent, Manca, 2014). Scientific Evidence In addition to the video and the documentary above, scientific materials oppose the use of psychiatry as a way to diagnose consumers because they do not help consumers. Firstly, is that mental illness interpretation appears to be presented as an objective reality (Wand, 2013). This is a clear flaw in diagnosis the judgment will rely on what can be observed or how the psychiatrist interprets the behavior and self-report, this makes it liable to variation or bias, making it to fail to fall under categories of illnesses. Additionally, the perceived ailment can be as a result of peoples experiences. In addition to that, it can be as a result of familial and personal historical contexts. Moreover, it is believed that the perception of existence of such illnesses has close links or is embedded in a western perspective. Thus, it becomes so difficult to argue that it does not have elements of discrimination in its practice, in regards to ethnicity, sexuality, gender and class (AmericanPsycho logical Association, 2013). In addition to that, diagnosis of mental illness has been heavily criticized by scientists because of their poor clinical utility. In that, if a person has been diagnosed with a certain disorder, psychiatrists do not give clear guidelines for clinicians to use to provide treatments (Wyatt, 2009). Moreover, consumers have complained about comorbidity problem. It refers to a condition where a consumer is given more than one diagnosis, a condition where psychiatrists fail to agree on which mental illness a person suffers from or is affecting a person. In modern times, people have been accustomed to drug treatments and biological explanations based treatments (Deacon, 2013). Scientific research states that this is the way to go as one can easily observe their effectiveness as well as how the brain functions. Effectiveness of Psychotic Medications Scientists for providing drugs have criticized behavioral analysts medications or drugs. According to research, such drugs are effective for a short term but still, some remain of less importance. Reviews indicate that placebo, a psychotic medication accounted 75% improvement in patients (Kent, Manca, 2014). However, the 25 per cent that remained was traced to represent the side effects that the drug generates. On the other hand, another review showed Paxil to be a more advanced drug than placebo at improving signs that come as a result of signs of acute, but posed a serious threat as far as its side effects are concerned, thus making it even worse than placebo. Furthermore, statistics show a high rate of consumers stops taking psychotic medications due to their side effects. In not more than 18 months, 64% to almost 82% of individuals prescribed to take Trilafon, Zyprexa, and Geodon, which are psychotic drugs, discontinued medications. Scientists have never come forward to embrace the figures but rather, the idea sounds disturbing (Gambrill, 2014). Therefore, in as much as psychiatrists continue to practice, there is no evidence, scientifically, to embrace their drugs or even prove that they have been able to come up with successful ways to treat consumers. Why Scientists Reject But not Approve Psychiatrists. One of the things that make scientist reject or fail to recognize mental illness worth administering treatment and medication to a patient is the flaw of generalization and lack of concrete proof that the disease actually exists. This entails putting a subject group to represent a general population. Additionally, mental illness can be as a result of pregnant or lactating women who tend to have behaviors likely to suggest that they are mentally ill (Surs, Holliday, North, 2016). Another group is those with previous record of mental illness apart from the one under treatment and those with suicidal ideas. It is information in regards to antidepressants, anti-mania, anti-anxiety medications among others. Scientists believe that clients need to know the use of such drugs, their effectiveness and side effects (Kent, Manca, 2014). Lastly, the idea that most psychiatrists subscribe to, in that there exists a unitary way of putting mental illness. General medicine rejects this notion beca use conditions ordinarily conceptualize from normal to pathological, but do not depend on one way to determine whether the presence or absence of a disease (De Leon, 2013) Conclusion It is evident, from the discussion above; mental illness is a condition that largely relies on perception as psychiatrist gives inconsistent opinion on the perceived illness. Additionally, their medications do not help consumers recover from the perceived illness. In fact, what exists is evidence that proves why psychiatric should not be practicing as an expert because they are inconsistent and their medications have side effects that make consumers discontinue using them. It is also clear that a person mental state is ascribed to different illness depending on who analyze the person, which is not in tandem with general medicine. These are serious issues that scientists have put forward, to conclude that mental illness is based on perception. Lastly, there is no evidence of patients who have successfully recovered through the practice, which further explains why the practice is questionable. References American Psychological Association. (2013). Recognition of psychotherapy effectiveness.Psychotherapy(Chicago, Ill.),50(1), 102. Aboraya, A. (2010). Scientific Forum on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, (DSM-V)--An Invitation.Psychiatry (1550-5952),7(11). Kirsch, I. (2015). Antidepressants and the placebo effect.Zeitschrift fr Psychologie. Deacon, B. (2013). The biomedical model of mental disorder: A critical analysis of its validity, utility, and effects on psychotherapy research. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 846-861. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.09.007 De Leon, J. (2013). Is psychiatry scientific? A letter to a 21st century psychiatry resident.Psychiatryinvestigation,10(3), 205-217. Gambrill, E. (2014). The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a major form of dehumanisation in the modern world. Research on Social Work Practice, 24, 13-36. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1049731513499411 Johnstone, L. (2008). Psychiatric diagnosis. In R. Tummey T. Turner (Eds.), Critical issues in mental health (pp. 5-22). New York, NJ: Palgrave Macmillan. Wand, T. (2013). Positioning mental health nursing practice within a positive health paradigm. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2, 116-124. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00848.x (Wand's article is primarily for nursing students but midwifery students may find some of the information in the article relevant to their practice and the assessments) Wyatt, W. J. (2009). Behavior analysis in the era of medicalization: The state of the science and recommendations for practitioners. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 2(2), 49-57. Surs, A., Holliday, R., North, C. S. (2016). The evolution of the classification of psychiatric disorders.Behavioral Sciences,6(1), 5. Tavakoli, H. R. (2009). A closer evaluation of current methods in psychiatric assessments: a challenge for the biopsychosocial model.Psychiatry (Edgmont),6(2), 25. Kent, S. A., Manca, T. A. (2014). A war over mental health professionalism: Scientology versus psychiatry.Mental health, religion culture,17(1), 1-23.